Cross-Layer and Energy-Aware AODV Routing Protocol for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become the trend for different types of research and applications. UAVs can accomplish some technical risky tasks while still being safe, mobile, inexpensive to operate. However, need flying ad-hoc networks (FANET) operate in inaccessible or infrastructure-less areas. Subsequently, many military civil applications, are connected ad hoc. FANET-based UAV systems been developed search rescue, wildlife surveys, real-time monitoring, delivery services. Maintaining reliability connectivity among nodes FANET becomes challenging because movement, environmental conditions, energy efficiency, etc. Energy-aware routing protocols essential developing advanced effective FANETs. This paper presents a proposed Cross-Layer Energy-Aware Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (CLEA-AODV) protocol improving performance. The CLEA-AODV is mainly divided into three sections: with AODV protocol, Glow Swarm Optimization (GSO)-based Cluster Head Selection, Cooperative Medium Access Control (MAC). cross-layer approach implemented on network layer data layer. major parameters considered evaluate performance Packet Success Rate (PSR), Throughput (TP), End-to-End (E2E) delay, packet drop ratio (PDR). Network Simulator version 2 (NS2) used implement results compared standard AODV, Self-Organization Clustering-GSO (SOC-GSO), Energy Efficient Neuro-Fuzzy Cluster-based Topology Construction Meta-Heuristic Route Planning (EENFC-MRP) protocols. show that surpasses these terms PSR, TP, E2E PDR.